Mammalian alkaline phosphatases from biology to applications in medicine and biotechnology authors prof jose luis millan use of aps as therapeutic agents and therapeutic targets and the many uses of these enzymes in clinical medicine and in biotechnology. Tnap also known as bone liver kidney alkaline phosphatase is one of four alkaline phosphatase genes in the mammalian genome millan 2006 peripheral tnap enzymatic activity most likely . A review and discussion of new knowledge on the structure and function of mammalian alkaline phosphatases aps gained over the last 25 years it covers the structure regulation and expression of the ap genes the three dimensional structure of aps and mutagenesis work that further defined the structural functional domains of the isozymes the phenotypic abnormalities of the different ap . Mammalian alkaline phosphatases from biology to applications in medicine and biotechnology jose luis millan author a review and discussion of new knowledge on the structure and function of mammalian alkaline phosphatases aps gained over the last 25 years. Mammalian alkaline phosphatases from biology to applications in medicine and biotechnology jose luis millan a review and discussion of new knowledge on the structure and function of mammalian alkaline phosphatases aps gained over the last 25 years